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Definitive XML Schema
Overview
Table of Contents
Sample Chapter
Examples
1. Intro
2. Quick tour
3. Namespaces
4. Include/Import
5. Instances
6. Annotations
7. Element Decls
8. Attribute Decls
9. Simple types
10. Regexes
11. Union/List types
12. Built-in types
13. Complex types
14. Type derivation
15. Groups
16. Subst. groups
17. ID constraints
18. Redefines
19. DTDs topics
20. Naming
21. Extensibility
Errata
XQuery
Web Service Contract Design
XML in Office 2003
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Definitive XML Schema

Definitive XML Schema

Priscilla Walmsley (pwalmsley@datypic.com)
1st edition (December 7, 2001)
Prentice Hall PTR; ISBN: 0130655678 		Amazon.com
Buy at 37% off list price
Overview  .  Table of Contents  .  Sample Chapter  .  Examples  .  Errata  .  Purchase

Chapter 20: Naming considerations

Book Examples

Example 20-1. Repetition of terms 

<product>
  <prodNumber>557</prodNumber>
  <prodName>Short-Sleeved Linen Blouse</prodName>
  <prodSize sizeSystem="US-DRESS">10</prodSize>
</product>

Example 20-2. No repetition of terms 

<product>
  <number>557</number>
  <name>Short-Sleeved Linen Blouse</name>
  <size system="US-DRESS">10</size>
</product>

Example 20-3. Less clear context 

<letter>Dear <custName>Priscilla Walmsley</custName>,
Unfortunately, we are out of stock of the
<prodName>Short-Sleeved Linen Blouse</prodName> in size
<prodSize>10</prodSize> that you ordered...</letter>

Example 20-4. Qualified local names 

<ord:order xmlns:ord="http://example.org/ord"
           xmlns:prod="http://example.org/prod">
  <ord:number>123ABBCC123</ord:number>
  <ord:items>
    <prod:product>
      <prod:number>557</prod:number>
    </prod:product>
  </ord:items>
</ord:order>

Example 20-5. Unqualified local names 

<ord:order xmlns:ord="http://example.org/ord">
  <number>123ABBCC123</number>
  <items>
    <product>
      <number>557</number>
    </product>
  </items>
</ord:order>

Example 20-6. Schema for qualified local element-type names 

<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
            xmlns:prod="http://example.org/prod"
            xmlns="http://example.org/ord"
            targetNamespace="http://example.org/ord"
            elementFormDefault="qualified">
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="prod.xsd"
              namespace="http://example.org/prod"/>
  <xsd:element name="order" type="OrderType"/>
  <xsd:complexType name="OrderType">
    <xsd:sequence>
      <xsd:element name="number" type="OrderNumType"/>
      <xsd:element name="items" type="prod:ItemsType"/>
    </xsd:sequence>
  </xsd:complexType>
</xsd:schema>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
            xmlns="http://example.org/prod"
            targetNamespace="http://example.org/prod"
            elementFormDefault="qualified">
  <xsd:complexType name="ItemsType">
    <xsd:sequence maxOccurs="unbounded">
      <xsd:element name="product" type="ProductType"/>
    </xsd:sequence>
  </xsd:complexType>
  <xsd:complexType name="ProductType">
    <xsd:sequence>
      <xsd:element name="number" type="xsd:string"/>
    </xsd:sequence>
  </xsd:complexType>
</xsd:schema>

Example 20-7. Invalid mixing of unqualified names and default namespace 

<order xmlns="http://example.org/ord">
  <number>123ABBCC123</number>
  <items>
    <product>
      <number>557</number>
    </product>
  </items>
</order>

Example 20-8. Qualified and unqualified attribute names 

<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
            xmlns="http://example.org/prod"
            targetNamespace="http://example.org/prod">
  <xsd:attribute name="global" type="xsd:string"/>
  <xsd:element name="size" type="SizeType"/>
  <xsd:complexType name="SizeType">
    <xsd:attribute ref="global"/>
    <xsd:attribute name="unqual" form="unqualified"/>
    <xsd:attribute name="qual" form="qualified"/>
    <xsd:attribute name="unspec"/>
  </xsd:complexType>
</xsd:schema>
<prod:size prod:global="x" unqual="x" prod:qual="x" unspec="x"/>

Example 20-9. Same namespace in a schema 

<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
            xmlns="http://example.org/all"
            targetNamespace="http://example.org/all"
            elementFormDefault="qualified">
  <xsd:include schemaLocation="prod.xsd"/>
  <xsd:include schemaLocation="cust.xsd"/>
  <xsd:element name="order" type="OrderType"/>
  <xsd:complexType name="OrderType">
    <xsd:sequence>
      <xsd:element name="customer" type="CustomerType"/>
      <xsd:element name="items" type="ItemsType"/>
    </xsd:sequence>
  </xsd:complexType>
  <!--...-->
</xsd:schema>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
            xmlns="http://example.org/all"
            targetNamespace="http://example.org/all"
            elementFormDefault="qualified">
  <xsd:complexType name="ItemsType">
    <xsd:sequence maxOccurs="unbounded">
      <xsd:element name="product" type="ProductType"/>
    </xsd:sequence>
  </xsd:complexType>
  <xsd:complexType name="ProductType">
    <xsd:sequence>
      <xsd:element name="number" type="xsd:string"/>
    </xsd:sequence>
  </xsd:complexType>
</xsd:schema>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
            xmlns="http://example.org/all"
            targetNamespace="http://example.org/all"
            elementFormDefault="qualified">
  <xsd:complexType name="CustomerType">
    <xsd:sequence>
      <xsd:element name="name" type="CustNameType"/>
    </xsd:sequence>
  </xsd:complexType>
  <xsd:simpleType name="CustNameType">
    <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/>
  </xsd:simpleType>
</xsd:schema>

Example 20-10. Same namespace in an instance 

<order xmlns="http://example.org/all"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://example.org/all ord.xsd">
  <customer>
    <name>Priscilla Walmsley</name>
  </customer>
  <items>
    <product>
      <number>557</number>
    </product>
  </items>
</order>

Example 20-11. Different namespaces in a schema 

<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
            xmlns:prod="http://example.org/prod"
            xmlns:cust="http://example.org/cust"
            xmlns="http://example.org/ord"
            targetNamespace="http://example.org/ord"
            elementFormDefault="qualified">
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="prod.xsd"
              namespace="http://example.org/prod"/>
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="cust.xsd"
              namespace="http://example.org/cust"/>
  <xsd:element name="order" type="OrderType"/>
  <xsd:complexType name="OrderType">
    <xsd:sequence>
      <xsd:element name="customer" type="cust:CustomerType"/>
      <xsd:element name="items" type="prod:ItemsType"/>
    </xsd:sequence>
  </xsd:complexType>
</xsd:schema>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
            xmlns="http://example.org/prod"
            targetNamespace="http://example.org/prod"
            elementFormDefault="qualified">
  <xsd:complexType name="ItemsType">
    <xsd:sequence maxOccurs="unbounded">
      <xsd:element name="product" type="ProductType"/>
    </xsd:sequence>
  </xsd:complexType>
  <xsd:complexType name="ProductType">
    <xsd:sequence>
      <xsd:element name="number" type="xsd:string"/>
    </xsd:sequence>
  </xsd:complexType>
</xsd:schema>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
            xmlns="http://example.org/cust"
            targetNamespace="http://example.org/cust"
            elementFormDefault="qualified">
  <xsd:complexType name="CustomerType">
    <xsd:sequence>
      <xsd:element name="name" type="CustNameType"/>
    </xsd:sequence>
  </xsd:complexType>
  <xsd:simpleType name="CustNameType">
    <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/>
  </xsd:simpleType>
</xsd:schema>

Example 20-12. Different namespaces in an instance 

<order xmlns="http://example.org/ord"
       xmlns:prod="http://example.org/prod"
       xmlns:cust="http://example.org/cust"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://example.org/ord ord.xsd">
  <customer>
    <cust:name>Priscilla Walmsley</cust:name>
  </customer>
  <items>
    <prod:product>
      <prod:number>557</prod:number>
    </prod:product>
  </items>
</order>

Example 20-13. Different namespaces in an instance, with default namespaces 

<order xmlns="http://example.org/ord"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://example.org/ord ord.xsd">
  <customer>
    <name xmlns="http://example.org/cust">Priscilla Walmsley</name>
  </customer>
  <items>
    <product xmlns="http://example.org/prod">
      <number>557</number>
    </product>
  </items>
</order>

Example 20-14. Chameleon namespaces in a schema 

<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
            xmlns="http://example.org/ord"
            targetNamespace="http://example.org/ord"
            elementFormDefault="qualified">
  <xsd:include schemaLocation="prod.xsd"/>
  <xsd:include schemaLocation="cust.xsd"/>
  <xsd:element name="order" type="OrderType"/>
  <xsd:complexType name="OrderType">
    <xsd:sequence>
      <xsd:element name="number" type="xsd:string"/>
      <xsd:element name="items" type="ItemsType"/>
    </xsd:sequence>
  </xsd:complexType>
  <!--...-->
</xsd:schema>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
            elementFormDefault="qualified">
  <xsd:complexType name="ItemsType">
    <xsd:sequence maxOccurs="unbounded">
      <xsd:element name="product" type="ProductType"/>
    </xsd:sequence>
  </xsd:complexType>
  <xsd:complexType name="ProductType">
    <xsd:sequence>
      <xsd:element name="number" type="xsd:string"/>
    </xsd:sequence>
  </xsd:complexType>
</xsd:schema>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
            elementFormDefault="qualified">
  <xsd:complexType name="CustomerType">
    <xsd:sequence>
      <xsd:element name="name" type="CustNameType"/>
    </xsd:sequence>
  </xsd:complexType>
  <xsd:simpleType name="CustNameType">
    <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/>
  </xsd:simpleType>
</xsd:schema>

Example 20-15. English-language element-type names 

<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <xsd:complexType name="ProductType">
    <xsd:sequence>
      <xsd:element ref="number"/>
      <xsd:element name="name" type="xsd:string"/>
      <xsd:element ref="size"/>
    </xsd:sequence>
  </xsd:complexType>
  <xsd:complexType name="SizeType">
    <xsd:simpleContent>
      <xsd:extension base="xsd:integer">
        <xsd:attribute name="system" type="xsd:string"/>
      </xsd:extension>
    </xsd:simpleContent>
  </xsd:complexType>
  <xsd:element name="product" type="ProductType"/>
  <xsd:element name="number" type="xsd:string"/>
  <xsd:element name="size" type="SizeType"/>
</xsd:schema>

Example 20-16. Using substitution groups for localization 

<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <xsd:element name="produit" substitutionGroup="product"/>
  <xsd:element name="numéro" substitutionGroup="number"/>
  <xsd:element name="taille" substitutionGroup="size"/>
</xsd:schema>

Example 20-17. Localized instance 

<produit>
  <numéro>557</numéro>
  <name>Short-Sleeved Linen Blouse</name>
  <taille system="US-DRESS">10</taille>
</produit>