Chapter 1: Introduction to XQuery

Example 1-1. Product catalog input document (catalog.xml)

<catalog>
  <product dept="WMN">
    <number>557</number>
    <name language="en">Fleece Pullover</name>
    <colorChoices>navy black</colorChoices>
  </product>
  <product dept="ACC">
    <number>563</number>
    <name language="en">Floppy Sun Hat</name>
  </product>
  <product dept="ACC">
    <number>443</number>
    <name language="en">Deluxe Travel Bag</name>
  </product>
  <product dept="MEN">
    <number>784</number>
    <name language="en">Cotton Dress Shirt</name>
    <colorChoices>white gray</colorChoices>
    <desc>Our <i>favorite</i> shirt!</desc>
  </product>
</catalog>

Example 1-2. Price information input document (prices.xml)

<prices>
  <priceList effDate="2006-11-15">
    <prod num="557">
      <price currency="USD">29.99</price>
      <discount type="CLR">10.00</discount>
    </prod>
    <prod num="563">
      <price currency="USD">69.99</price>
    </prod>
    <prod num="443">
      <price currency="USD">39.99</price>
      <discount type="CLR">3.99</discount>
    </prod>
  </priceList>
</prices>

Example 1-3. Order input document (order.xml)

<order num="00299432" date="2006-09-15" cust="0221A">
  <item dept="WMN" num="557" quantity="1" color="navy"/>
  <item dept="ACC" num="563" quantity="1"/>
  <item dept="ACC" num="443" quantity="2"/>
  <item dept="MEN" num="784" quantity="1" color="white"/>
  <item dept="MEN" num="784" quantity="1" color="gray"/>
  <item dept="WMN" num="557" quantity="1" color="black"/>
</order>

Example 1-4. Four product elements selected from the catalog

<product dept="WMN">
    <number>557</number>
    <name language="en">Fleece Pullover</name>
    <colorChoices>navy black</colorChoices>
  </product>
  <product dept="ACC">
    <number>563</number>
    <name language="en">Floppy Sun Hat</name>
  </product>
  <product dept="ACC">
    <number>443</number>
    <name language="en">Deluxe Travel Bag</name>
  </product>
  <product dept="MEN">
    <number>784</number>
    <name language="en">Cotton Dress Shirt</name>
    <colorChoices>white gray</colorChoices>
    <desc>Our <i>favorite</i> shirt!</desc>
  </product>

Example 1-5. Simple FLWOR

for $prod in doc("catalog.xml")/catalog/product
where $prod/@dept = "ACC"
order by $prod/name
return $prod/name

Example 1-6. Adding a let clause

for $product in doc("catalog.xml")/catalog/product
let $name := $product/name
where $product/@dept = "ACC"
order by $name
return $name

Example 1-7. Wrapping results in a new element

<ul>{
  for $product in doc("catalog.xml")/catalog/product
  where $product/@dept='ACC'
  order by $product/name
  return $product/name
}</ul>

Example 1-8. Element constructor in FLWOR return clause

<ul>{
  for $product in doc("catalog.xml")/catalog/product
  where $product/@dept='ACC'
  order by $product/name
  return <li>{$product/name}</li>
}</ul>

Example 1-9. Using the data function

<ul>{
  for $product in doc("catalog.xml")/catalog/product
  where $product/@dept='ACC'
  order by $product/name
  return <li>{data($product/name)}</li>
}</ul>

Example 1-10. Adding attributes to results

<ul type="square">{
  for $product in doc("catalog.xml")/catalog/product
  where $product/@dept='ACC'
  order by $product/name
  return <li class="{$product/@dept}">{data($product/name)}</li>
}</ul>

Example 1-11. Joining multiple input documents

for $item in doc("order.xml")//item
let $name := doc("catalog.xml")//product[number = $item/@num]/name
return <item num="{$item/@num}"
             name="{$name}"
             quan="{$item/@quantity}"/>

Example 1-12. Aggregating values

for $d in distinct-values(doc("order.xml")//item/@dept)
let $items := doc("order.xml")//item[@dept = $d]
order by $d
return <department name="{$d}" totQuantity="{sum($items/@quantity)}"/>